Fostering the optimal contribution of nurses to parental engagement in neonatal intensive care
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Sunny G. Hallowell, PhD, PPCNP-BC, IBCLC, Assistant Professor, Villanova University, College of Nursing, Email: sunny.hallowell@villanova.edu, faculty page: https://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/nursing/facultystaff/faculty/biodetail.html?mail=sunny.hallowell@villanova.edu&xsl=bio_long; Eileen T. Lake, PhD, RN, Jessie M. Scott Endowed Term Chair in Nursing and Health Policy, Associate Professor of Sociology, and Associate Director of the Center for Health Outcomes and Policy Research University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, email: Email: elake@nursing.upenn.edu, faculty page: https://www.nursing.upenn.edu/live/profiles/94-eileen-t-lake
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- Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
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Objective: Parental presence in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is essential for families, especially mothers to participate in infant care and prepare for transition from hospital to home. Nurses are the principal caregivers in the NICU. The nurse work environment may influence whether parents spend time with their hospitalized infants. A national dataset was used to examine the relationship between the work environment and parental presence in the NICU.
Design: Cross-sectional, observational.
Setting: NICU
Participants: A national sample of 104 NICUs, in which 6,060 nurses reported about the 15,233 infants they cared for on their last shift.
Methods: Secondary analysis was used to examine nurse survey data collected in 2008. The Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI), was used to measure the work environment across five domains and as a composite measure. Analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation and bivariate regression models.
Results: On average, 60% of infants’ parents were present during the shift. This ranged from 33% to 79% across units. The PES-NWI composite score and two domains - Nurse Participation in Hospital Affairs and Manager Leadership and Support, were significant predictors of parental presence. A 1 SD higher score in the composite or either subscale was associated with 2.5% more parents being present.
Conclusion: Parental presence in the NICU is significantly associated with better nurse work environments. A patient-centered culture that facilitates parental presence is enhanced in NICUs that have effective nurse leaders and nurses empowered to participate in hospital governance and decision-making.
Author is the recipient of a Sigma Theta Tau International Small Grant Award 2014.
The author has published a manuscript based on this study and report:
Lake, E. T., Hallowell, S. G., Kutney-Lee, A., Hatfield, L. A., Guidice, M. D., Boxer, B. A., & ... Aiken, L. H. (2016). Higher Quality of Care and Patient Safety Associated With Better NICU Work Environments. Journal Of Nursing Care Quality, 31(1), 24-32. doi:10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000146
The Sigma Theta Tau International grant application that funded this research, in whole or in part, was completed by the applicant and peer-reviewed prior to the award of the STTI grant. No further peer-review has taken place upon the completion of the STTI grant final report and its appearance in this repository.
Type | Report |
Acquisition | Self-submission |
Review Type | None: Sigma Grant Recipient Report |
Format | Text-based Document |
Evidence Level | Cohort |
Research Approach | Quantitative Research |
Keywords | Parental Presence; Infant; Intensive Care, Neonatal; Nurse Staffing; Nurse Work Environment; Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index |
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